“The End of Policing” by Alex S. Vitale

Abstract: A broad historical analysis demonstrating that modern policing evolved to control working class and Black populations (e.g., slave patrols, strike-breaking). Vitale argues reforms (training, diversity) won’t fix policing’s core role and makes the case for shifting to alternatives in mental health, schools, housing, etc. Each chapter covers a different police function (drugs, sex work, gangs) and how to replace it — Available on Verso site